5 Cases of Too Few or Too Many Hyphens

5 Cases of Too Few or Too Many Hyphens 5 Cases of Too Few or Too Many Hyphens 5 Cases of Too Few or Too Many Hyphens By Mark Nichol When it comes to hyphenation, prose often suffers from the Goldilocks effect: either too much or too little, but seldom just right. Here are some erroneously constructed elements along with repaired revisions that let them eat, sit, or sleep with contentment. 1. â€Å"Scientists have found that a second, as-yet smaller wave of mussel extinctions followed in the late twentieth century.† The key point is not a smaller wave that is as yet that makes no sense. The reference is to a wave that is as yet, or up to now, smaller; it’s an as-yet-smaller wave: â€Å"Scientists have found that a second, as-yet-smaller wave of mussel extinctions followed in the late twentieth century.† 2. â€Å"They criticized the arbitrary measures taken so far on the air-travel security front.† The front in question is not a security front pertaining to air travel; it is a front pertaining to air-travel security. For that reason, security should be linked to â€Å"air travel† to modify front as one unit: â€Å"They criticized the arbitrary measures taken so far on the air-travel-security front.† (The progression is â€Å"air travel† to â€Å"air-travel security† to â€Å" air-travel-security front.†) In order to avoid an adjective stack, a writer could, with slightly more formality, conversely relax the sentence to read, â€Å"They criticized the arbitrary measures taken so far in the area of air-travel security† (or â€Å". . . in the area of security during air travel†). 3. â€Å"We offer an industry leading cloud based property management solution.† This sentence seems to cry out for a handout of hyphens to link pairs of words (â€Å"industry-leading,† â€Å"cloud-based,† â€Å"property-management†). But that solution ignores the fact that with or without the requisite hyphens to link words to form hyphenated compounds, this sentence is an adjective-stacking train wreck. Let’s turn this loco locomotive around: â€Å"We offer a cloud-based solution for property management that leads the industry.† (It’s still empty-headed branding gobbledygook, but it’s relaxed empty-headed branding gobbledygook.) 4. â€Å"That’s enough to power about 90 percent of a 1,500-square foot home.† This sentence is not about the energy needs of a foot home that consists of 1,500 squares; it’s about the energy needs of a home that encompasses 1,500 square feet. Those three words pertaining to horizontal area should all be hyphenated to form a three-car train modifying home: â€Å"That’s enough to power about 90 percent of a 1,500-square-foot home.† 5. â€Å"They are turning a blind eye to what their low and middle ranking members do on the streets.† This writer evidently forgot what he or she had ever learned about suspensive hyphenation and simply omitted any hyphens. One more time: â€Å"low and middle rank members† is slight shorthand for â€Å"low-ranking members† and â€Å"middle-ranking members.† To signal that ranking applies to low as well as middle, low retains a hyphen in spite of the omission of the first iteration of ranking: â€Å"They are turning a blind eye to what their low- and middle-ranking members do on the streets.† (Because â€Å"low-[ranking members]† and â€Å"middle-ranking members† are separate items, â€Å"low-and-middle-ranking members† is wrong.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceBest Websites to Learn English10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Definition and Examples of a Concrete Noun

Definition and Examples of a Concrete Noun A concrete noun is a  noun (such as chicken or egg) that names a material or tangible object or phenomenon- something recognizable through the senses. Contrast with an abstract noun. In grammar, notes Tom McArthur, an abstract noun refers to an action, concept, event, quality, or state (love, conversation), whereas a concrete noun refers to a touchable, observable person or thing (child, tree) (Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, 2005). Examples and Observations Pound cakes sagged with their buttery weight and small children could no more resist licking the icings than their mothers could avoid slapping the sticky fingers.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)The black candle fell out of its brass holder and the flame touched the dry petals and leaves. (John Twelve Hawks, The Traveler. Doubleday, 2005With your sheets like metal and your belt like lace,And your deck of cards missing the jack and the ace,And your basement clothes and your hollow face,Who among them can think he could outguess you?(Bob Dylan, Sad-Eyed Lady of the LowlandsAt middle age the soul should be opening up like a rose, not closing up like a cabbage.(John Andrew HolmesIt came to me today, walking in the rain to get Helen a glass of orange juice, that the world exists only in my consciousness (whether as a reality or as an illusion the evening papers do not say, but my guess is reality).(James Thurber, letter to E.B. White, October 6, 1937. Se lected Letters of James Thurber, ed. by Helen Thurber and Edward Weeks. Little, Brown, 1981 John Updikes Concrete Nouns I kept looking out of the windows. The three red lights of the chimneys of the plant that had been built some miles away, to mine low-grade iron ore, seemed to be advancing over our neighbor’s ridged field toward our farm. My mother had mistaken me for a stoic like my father and had not put enough blankets on the bed. I found an old overcoat of his and arranged it over me; its collar scratched my chin. I tipped into sleep and awoke. The morning was sharply sunny; sheep hustled, heads toppling, through the gauzy blue sky. It was an authentic spring in Pennsylvania. Some of the grass in the lawn had already grown shiny and lank. A yellow crocus had popped up beside the BEWARE OF THE DOG sign my father had had an art student at the high school make for him.(John Updike, Packed Dirt, Churchgoing, a Dying Cat, a Traded Car. Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Balancing Abstract and Concrete Diction Beauty and fear are abstract ideas; they exist in your mind, not in the forest along with the trees and the owls. Concrete words refer to things we can touch, see, hear, smell, and taste, such as sandpaper, soda, birch trees, smog, cow, sailboat, rocking chair, and pancake. . . .Good writing balances ideas and facts, and it also balances abstract and concrete diction. If the writing is too abstract, with too few concrete facts and details, it will be unconvincing and tiresome. If the writing is too concrete, devoid of ideas and emotions, it can seem pointless and dry.(Alfred Rosa and Paul Eschholz, Models for Writers: Short Essays for Composition. St. Martins, 1982)Abstract and general terms represent ideas, explain attitudes, and explore relationships such as contingency (if something will happen), causality (why it occurs), and priority (what is first in time or importance). Concrete and specific words clarify and illustrate between abstract and concrete words and general and speci fic language, blending them naturally. To achieve this mix, use abstract and general words to state your ideas. Use specific and concrete words to illustrate and support them.(Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy II, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) The Ladder of Abstraction The Ladder of Abstraction is one way to visualize the range of language from the abstract to the concrete- from the general to the specific. On the top of the ladder are abstract ideas like success, education, or freedom; as we move down each rung of the ladder the words become more specific and more concrete. When we reach the bottom rung of the Ladder of Abstraction, we should find something that we can see or touch, hear, taste, or smell.(Brian Backman, Persuasion Points: 82 Strategic Exercises for Writing High-Scoring Persuasive Essays. Maupin House, 2010)

Generation of Electricity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Generation of Electricity - Assignment Example However, the PVs may also be ustilised in the production of alternating current when appropriate appliances are utilised. According to Knier (2002), photovoltaics uses the atomic level to convert light directlt into the generation of electricity. These involve using materials that can absorb light photons and later release electrons, such materials are said to have photoelectric effect. The capturing of the electrons produced by the photoelectric effects helps in the generation of electricity. According to the diagram above, rays from the sun are tapped by the photovoltaic cells. A common photovoltaic cell is a silicon cell that consist of N-type and P-type silicon. Thses silicon are located at the top most part of the material. The generation of electric field takes place at the upper part of the cells where the two silicons are situated. They comes into contact with the junction of the materials (referred to as P-N junction) (McNichol, 2006; Bazilian et al., 2013). The sunlight strikes the electric filed to induce motion of the electron that results in the flow of current. The size of the surface area of the PV cell determines the amount of electricity generated. The intensity of the rays from the sun also affects the amount of current generated. The larger the size of PV cells and the more intense the rays, the higher the amount of electrons generated hence increased electric supply. For instance a cell with an area of 150 cm^2 will generate 2 watts power. When a solar panel is exposed in the sunlight as shown in the diagram below, it will generate electricity that can be measured. The voltage produced is around 100volts on a single day when there is optimal sunshine. This can be stored on batteries arranged in series as shown in the diagram below. The results of such a strategy depends on the size of the panel and the amount of sunshine ( Knier, 2002; Wolfgang, 2013). Primary batteries are cheap because

Expand business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Expand business - Essay Example In other words, it is a process of undertaking two or more unrelated product lines for the purpose of diversification. The rationales behind adoption of this concept are: cost advantage by diversifying production activities, maximum utilization of resources and mitigation of risk associated with operations in single market (Wiersema & Bowen, 2008). The only relevance that can be developed among the products is that all four products of the company cover low, mid and high level markets. The luggage line covers the lower section of the market; the writing instruments cover mid-level consumers, while the LED TVs are sold at higher end of the market. Lastly, miscellaneous plastic and paper tags are useful across all kind of markets. In conglomerate diversification, it is difficult to relate diversified products of the same company as a part of same base. However, the brand equity of each product indirectly adds to overall brand equity of the company. Conglomerate diversification is a major growth strategy that brings forward different hidden opportunities that a company can pursue, when market for one of its line of business is saturated. It is important to realize that with product line diversification, a company can achieve greater market share and growth rate within comparatively small period of time. In addition, this is one of the most suited strategies for internationalization. In international venture, most companies pursue two kinds of strategies: horizontal or related integration and conglomerate or unrelated integration. The main advantages of related integration is that the company can continue growing in the same sector by producing or introducing similar or related product under the same branch. The following section focuses on product elimination, when a company switches from unrelated to related diversification strategy (Wan &

Theories in phsychology of business Essay Example for Free

Theories in phsychology of business Essay Television advert and website are the devices of promoting that have an extensive variety of achieve and they have been overlooked to a greater degree. Individuals have an idea that TV adverts are for those rich individuals and website advert are for who have a machine or the individuals who oftentimes have sufficient energy to visit a digital or can get to machine. In no time, advancing and progressions on the World Wide Web are essentially conventional. Associations are making Web pages now and again just to show exceptional. Using the Web for publicizing requires certain supplies and authority, including getting a machine, getting an Internet organization supplier, acquiring (for the most part renting) a Website name, arranging and presenting the Website delineations and diverse limits as needed (for example, an online store for e-exchange), propelling the Website (through distinctive web hunt apparatuses, inventories, et cetera.) and keeping up the Website. Various people dont much consider TV advancements because of the inclination that the commercials are greatly extravagant. They are more extravagant than an extensive share of noteworthy sorts of publicizing. In any case, with the extending number of telecom organizations and stations, associations may find incredible game plans for setting attachments or diverse sorts of plugs. Television notices regularly are assessed with near considerations to radio advancements, that is, the amount of advancements, the length of advancements and when they are placed reporting progressively. Television types of publicizing can be utilized to reach numerous gathering of people at once and regardless of where demographic the crowd fall, there is a system airing fitting projects together with advertisements. Website ad have an extensive variety of achieve and they are not confined to topographical obstructions and regardless of where the group of onlookers is in any piece of the world and have admittance to web joined machine they can get the advert. Maslow`s theory                  Maslows pecking order of requirements is a hypothesis in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. It is referred as hypothesis of human inspiration. Maslow broadened his thought in including his perception of humans inherent interest Maslows chain of importance of necessities is regularly depicted fit as a fiddle of a pyramid with the biggest, most key levels of requirements at the base and the requirement for self- completion at the top. Maslows hypothesis recommends that the most fundamental level of requirements must be met before the individual will firmly want the auxiliary or more elevated amount needs. Maslows hypothesis is utilized in both TV advert and site in that when advert is continuously made the most imperative things are highlighted initially emulated by the needs that need self-completion. In site the needs that the business needs to promote are sorted from the most essential to the paramount ones and they are posted on the organiza tions site or any partner showcasing. Hertzberg’s theory                  Two- factor theory essentials otherwise called HERTZBERGS theory has mentality and their association with modern mental wellbeing are identified with Abraham Maslows hypothesis of inspiration. As per Herzberg, people are not content with the fulfillment of lower-request needs at work; for instance, those needs connected with least pay levels or sheltered and average working conditions. Rather, people search for the delight of more elevated amount mental needs needing to do with accomplishment, distinguishment, obligation, progression, and the way of the work itself. Herzberg added another measurement to this hypothesis by proposing a two-component model of inspiration, in view of the thought that the vicinity of one set of employment qualities or motivators prompts specialist fulfillment at work, while an alternate and separate set of occupation attributes prompts disappointment at work. Subsequently, fulfillment and disappointment are not on a continuum with one expanding as alternate lessens, yet are free phenomena. This hypothesis recommends that to enhance work disposition and benefit, heads must perceive and go to both sets of attributes and not accept that an increment in fulfillment prompts diminish in unpleasable disappointment. Two –factor hypothesis basics is not utilized in either the TV advert and website since this hypothesis is essentially planned for workers and not clients. Vroom expectancy theory                  It accepts that conduct results from cognizant decisions among plan B whose reason it is to expand delight and minimize torment. Together with Edward Lawler and Lyman Porter, Victor Vroom proposed that the relationship between individuals conduct at work and their objectives was not as basic as was initially envisioned by different researchers. Vroom understood that a workers execution is focused around people components, for example, identity, aptitudes, information, experience and capacities. Vroom anticipation hypothesis is based to look the certainty of the workers, feelings and view of the organization. This hypothesis is not utilized in TV commercial and the web ad. Freudian theory                  As per Freud psychoanalytic hypothesis, all psychic vitality is created by the drive. Freud additionally accepted that much of human conduct was roused by two driving senses: the life impulses and the passing impulses. The life impulses are those that identify with a fundamental requirement for survival, propagation and joy. They incorporate such things as the requirement for nourishment, haven, love and sex. He additionally proposed that all people have an oblivious wish for death, which he alluded to as the demise impulses. Self-dangerous conduct, he accepted, was one interpretation of the demise drive. In any case, he accepted that these demise senses were to a great extent tempered by the life impulses. This hypothesis is nearly utilized in the television and site advert since the adverts made are regulated to individuals with fixation at specific stages and with obsession at specific purposes of advancement. The organizations needs to comprehend thei r customers’ charisma they are planning to draws in consideration. Behavioral Theory                  Behavior argues that concepts like conflict, anxiety and fixation do not explain behavioral of an individual. Behavior of individual is guided by punishment one receive or rewards given that reinforce the behavior and increase the chances of behavior occurring. Behavioral belief that observable stimuli in the environment causes organisms to act in a particular way. This theory is related to Freudian theory and is basically employed in both form of advertisement in this paper. The anxiety of people is capitalized by most of the TV broadcasting station and when audience are longing to continue with their favorite programme there is a break for adverts to be made. For website it happens when a client visits a certain website and before it opens there are some adverts that pops there. In both cases advertisers capitalizes the behavioral theory in concepts of anxiety. Cognitive theory                  This theories emphasizes mental processes in development such as logic and memory. Piagel proposed that each of us begin life with a small repertoire of sensory and motor scheme such as looking , tasting, touching and hearing we use each scheme becomes better adapted to the world. We possess mental scheme as well and most developed in childhood and adolescence. Mental schemes allows us to use symbols and thinking logically. Cognitive theory is much employed in advertising and much in TV and website advert. Advertisers have to use the logic while advertising in abide to capture the attention of the clients or audience. In cognitive theory, the audience are not passive learners and the audience development has to be taken in to consideration before advert is made as shown by Freudian theory. Comparison                  Both covers extensive variety of group of onlookers over any demographic dissimilar to other type of showcasing like magazines They both covers all race of gathering of people particularly channels like BBC and CNN although their group of onlookers needs to comprehend the dialect utilized as a part of show. Contrast For television adverts there are those one planned for adult individuals and they are brought when certain system is broadcast. For Website anybody can get to the advert despite the fact that they were not expected for that age. My recommendation is that there the installment made to each advert in TV and site ought to be publicized possibly in a week or a month to make individuals have boldness to promote with them. The correspondence commission of each nation ought to meet up and draft the principle to be followed in making adverts that will reach anybody on the globe. References Farmer, W. (2001). 5. In Latent trait theory analysis of changes in item response anchors: Final report (2nd ed., Vol. 2, p. 95). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Medicine ;. Gardener, L. (1972). Theories in phsychology of business. In Attitude and motivational in languages learning (1st ed., Vol. 1, p. 211). Rowley: Newbury house. Kandoyan, N. (2002). Theories in phsychology of business. In A study of performance efficiency in public and private sector organizations (1st ed., Vol. 2, p. 47). Baltimore: John Hopkin University press. Laban, J. (2003). Phychology of thoughts. In Phsychology of customer in business (1st ed., Vol. 1, p. 37). Newyork: Jameson publisher. Martin, S. (1990). Business and people. In Learned optimism (1st ed., Vol. 1, p. 101). Newyork. Maslow, A., Hoffman, E. (1996). Future visions: The unpublished papers of Abraham Maslow. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Maslow, A. (1999). Maslows theory. In Toward a psychology of being (3rd ed., Vol. 2, p. 120). New York: J. Wiley Sons. Orlando, F., Orlando, F. (1978). Freudian theory. In Toward a Freudian theory of literature: With an analysis of Racines PheÌ€dre (1st ed., Vol. 1, p. 143). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Source document

Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Knight’s Tale, and Mal

The term â€Å"chivalry† refers to one of the most popular medieval social ideals. Indeed, this term has excited the imagination of poets and readers throughout history, and modern cultures continue to revise the chivalric ideals of past ages. However, pinpointing what the term meant within the medieval period is difficult at best. The source of this difficulty lies within the fact that there was never one consistent definition for chivalry. Indeed, the meaning of the word seems to shift between cultures and throughout time. For example, the earliest usage of the word seems to denote only mounted cavalry; however, as time shifts, the word becomes synonymous with certain martial ideals. As the period progresses, the ideal of chivalry encompasses a more total social paradigm, incorporating a wide array of ideals including honor, hospitality, and love. Even this rough outline of chivalry’s history fails to account for the shifting ground that surrounds this t erm. However, regardless of an individual culture or poet’s conception of chivalry, it remained a popular ideal. Indeed, it was most often communicated within the genre of romance, and romance is among the most popular of medieval genres. Often times, these romances not only celebrate the ideal of chivalry but they also examine and critique it. Certainly, the form of the romance offers a perfect vehicle for this exercise. Whereas epic heroes are different from ordinary people by kind, the heroes of romance are different only by degree. While they may be a little stronger, a little smarter, or a little more honorable than the average person, we see within their victories the victories of the culture, and we experience within their failures the failures of the social... ...on seems to point towards the sort of cross-factionalism that the chivalric order demands. When Lancelot destroys him, he is in effect destroying the tie that binds the factions together, and Gawain reacts with rage. When the smoke clears, Gawain and Arthur are dead, and the dream of Camelot is destroyed. The critique here seems to be on humankind more than chivalry, for while chivalry stands as a great ideal, the men and women of Camelot were unable to subordinate their own desires to it. As with Gawain and the Green Knight, the text examines the most perfect example of chivalry that has existed and finds it flawed. In this way, medieval romance walks a delicate path between honoring the chivalric ideals and critiquing their execution. Ultimately, these texts seem to criticize humanity’s inability to live up to the code as often as they do the code itself.

A Bridge to Wiseman’s Cove: James Moleney Essay

Carl Matt – Carl is 15 years of age and is described as a low self-esteemed and obese child. He is the second eldest of the three Matt siblings (Sarah, Carl and Harley). Carl’s mother, Kerry, abandons him and his two other siblings, this makes him feel neglected and at the same time worried for his mother’s well being as she is nowhere to be found. Throughout the story, Carl struggles through many obstacles, however with the help of his new friends soon to meet, he is able to grow and become more confident about himself and towards others. Kerry Matt -Kerry Matt is the mother of the main protagonist, Carl. She is also the mother of Sarah, (Carl’s older Sister) and Harley, (Carl’s younger Brother). Throughout the novel, It is said that Kerry usually leaves her kids behind for more than a day. But when she left again she never came back. Harley Matt – Carl’s younger brother. He is constantly getting into trouble. He gets into fights, steals and gets caught doing graffiti. Skip Duncan – Owner of the barge Carl works on and wife to Joy. Skip initially is reluctant to hire Carl as he is a Matt, but begins to trust and eventually rely on him. Skip is bossy and stubborn, and earns little income from his business of ferrying cars across the cove. [1] Joy Duncan – Skip Duncans wife she is a Kind, Loving motherly figure. Carl Matt is an awkward, lumpy fifteen year-old who just wants to be loved. Sarah, Carl and Harley’s fathers all walked out on the family and their mother, Kerry often finds them too hard to cope with. When his mother walks out on the family, apparently for good, nineteen year-old Sarah, terrified of the responsibility of raising the two boys, heads toEurope, packing the boys off to stay with their Aunt Beryl in Wattle Beach. Beryl is less than delighted at the idea of taking in the boys, until she realizes that she can keep their social services payments. However, far from filling the role of their mother, she shows the boys no love and even attempts to keep Harley chained to the house to prevent him stealing and misbehaving. Carl is miserable in Wattle Beach . His size and awkwardness make him feel self-conscious and unable to make friends at school. Even the townspeople of Wattle Beach regard the boys with suspicion, believing all the Matt clan to be useless no-hopers. All Carl wants is a family and the security of knowing that he is loved. When, at sixteen, Carl stops receiving any social security benefits, Beryl forces him to leave school. He finds work with Skip and Joy Duncan who run a rusty run-down barge from Wattle Bay to the nearby island. When Carl first starts to work for them the business is losing money, largely because of competition from a rival barge company. Before long however, Carl, reveling in finally belonging to something, shows initiative and helps to bring trade to the struggling business. He even begins to find the courage to stand up to his uncaring, manipulative Aunt Beryl. But, just as Carl begins to experience happiness, family secrets come back to haunt him and again bring his world crashing down around him. Finally the truth is revealed and Carl is forced to confront many of his demons. Gradually he begins to let down his defences and allow others in, finally accepting himself as a loved and valued member of the community.